Thomas Edison İngilizce Biyografisi

     


Edison, Thomas Alva (1847-1931), was an American inventor, scientist, and businessman, famously known for his invention of the phonograph and the motion picture camera, and for the creation of such companies as General Electric. Holding over 1,000 patents, he is considered one of the most prolific inventors in history.

Thomas Edison was born in Milan, Ohio, on February 11, 1847, to father Samuel Ogden Edison, Jr. and mother Nancy Matthews Elliott. He was their seventh and last child, with brothers William Pitt, Carlisle, and Samuel Ogden, and sisters, Marion Wallace, Eliza, and Harriett Ann.


Edison became a telegraph operator and relocated to Stratford Junction, Ontario. When he turned 19 years old, Edison moved to Louisville, Kentucky, where he worked for Western Union. Working as a telegraph operator is what ultimately introduced Edison to technology and electricity and this can be seen as paramount event that began his life long invention of new technologies.

Leonardo da Vinci İngilizce Biyografi

     
da Vinci, Leonardo (1452-1519), was an Italian Renaissance artist and inventor, whose genius is said to embody the Renaissance ideal. da Vinci is most famously known as a painter, with  such works as the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper, as well as his drawing of the Vitruvian Man. As an inventor he conceptualised such things as the helicopter and a calculator, however very few of his designs were ever constructed.
Lionardo di ser Piero da Vinci was born in Vinci, Italy, on April 15, 1452, to father Messer Piero Fruosino di Antonio da Vinci, a Florentine legal notary, and Caterina, a peasant girl.

Leonardo spent his first five years living with his mother in the hamlet of Anchiano, before moving to Vinci to live with his father. Little is known about Leonardo's early education, but he did receive an informal education in Latin, geometry and mathematics.

At the age of fourteen, Leonardo was apprenticed to the renowned Florentine painter, Andrea di Cione, known as Verrocchio. By the time he was 20 years old, Leonardo qualified as a master in the Guild of St Luke.

Leonardo received his first two independent commissions when he was 24 years old. The first was to paint an altarpiece for the Chapel of St Bernard in the Palazzo Vecchio, and second was for his work, The Adoration of the Magi, commissioned for the Monks of San Donato a Scopeto. However Leonardo did not finish either painting.

When Leonardo was thirty years old, he created a silver lyre in the shape of a horse's head. Upon seeing it, Lorenzo de' Medici, the ruler of the Florentine Republic, sent Leonardo to Milan to offer it as a gift to Ludovico il Moro, Duke of Milan, in the hopes to secure peace between the two states.

Leonardo worked in Milan until the start of the Second Italian War, when he fled to Venice. It was his time spent in Milan, where arguably, some of his greatest works where created.

Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci passed away on May 2, 1519, at the age of 67, at  Clos Lucé in Amboise, France. His remains are buried in the Monastery of St. Florentine in Amboise, France.

Isaac Newton İngilizce Biyografisi

     
Newton, Sir Isaac (1642 -1727), was a physicist and mathematician who is the most well-known scientist for the Theory of Universal Gravitation, his theories in optics and his Laws of Motion.  His work with calculus was also well-recognized.

Isaac Newton was born prematurely on December 25, 1642; three months after his father (Isaac Newton) had passed away. When he was three, his mother, Hannah Ayscough, married Barnabas Smith (a Christian minister) and moved to the next village.

When he was 5 years old, his mother gave birth to his step-sister, Mary Smith.  In 1651 his mother gave birth to his step-brother, Benjamin Smith and in 1652, gave birth to another step-sister, Hannah Smith Pilkington. Newton was raised by his grandmother until his mother came back to Woolsthorpe, bringing with her three younger children.

1n 1654 Newton went to Grantham to attend grammar school. He lived with the local apothecary, and it was here that he became interested in chemicals.

He returned to the family when he turned seventeen as he had been expected to run the farm, but found no success as a farmer.

Isaac Newton entered Trinity College at Cambridge in 1661 and for the first three years waited on tables and cleaned rooms of wealthier students and the faculty to pay his tuition. When elected a scholar in 1664, he was guaranteed financial support for four years. The school closed in the summer of 1665 because of the plague that was spreading through Europe and Newton went home for the two years where he devoted his time studying physics and mathematics. He later claimed that it was during this time that he was able to first understand gravity.
Newton never married and was very generous with his nieces and nephews.

In his later years Newton suffered recurring bladder stones and there was some evidence to suggest he suffered mercury poisoning from his alchemical experiments. In his last days of life he was immobile in bed and he defied the church refusing last rites when he passed away on March 31, 1727. After he was buried, his body was exhumed so he could be in a more prominent location in Westminster Abbey. During the exhumation process it was discovered that his body contained large quantities of mercury.

Several of Newton’s writings were published after his death, including:
• 1728: The Systems of the World
• 1728: The Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms Amended
• 1773: Observations upon the Prophecies of Daniel and the Apocalypse of St John
• 1733: The first draft of Principia, Book III

Albert Einstein İngilizce Biyografisi

     
Einstein, Albert (1879-1955), was the most important physicist of the 1900's and one of the greatest and most famous scientists of all time. He was a theoretical physicist as well as a scientist who developed theories dealing with matter and energy. Einstein was highly-regarded by his peers because his theories solved fundamental problems and presented new ideas. Much of his fame came from the fact that several of his theories were strange to mainstream thinking and hard to understand—but thinking outside of the box proved true.

On March 14, 1879, Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany to Hermann (1847-1902) and Pauline Einstein (1858-1920 née Koch). In addition to Albert, the Einstein’s had a daughter named Maja (1881-1951).

When Einstein was young, his parents moved from Ulm to Munich. Albert's father was an entrepreneur in manufacturing electrical parts and owned his own business. As a child, Einstein was not interested in sports. He was focused on reading, jigsaw works, doing puzzles, and building items. According to his sister’s contribution to his official biography, at about 10 years of age, Einstein liked building a house made of playing cards and was able to build a 14 story high house of cards. His favourite pastimes included playing the piano and the violin.

Albert Einstein attended a Catholic elementary school in Munich from 1885 to 1888. He them attended Luitpold Gymnasium in Munich from 1888 to 1894.  He left this grammar school before completing his exams in 1894 because his father’s business failed and the family moved to Italy. In 1895 Einstein failed an exam that impeded his goal to study at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. He ended up attending Cantonal School (business department) in Aarau, Switzerland from 1895 to 1896.  Einstein then attended the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, Switzerland for four years. He completed his education in Switzerland at Zurich University and in 1905 earned his doctor’s degree

At the age of 76, Albert Einstein passed away in a Princeton, New Jersey hospital at 1:15 am on April 18, 1955. He had an aneurysm that burst and passed away due to internal bleeding.  Without permission, Dr. Thomas S. Harvey performed an autopsy shortly after Einstein’s death.  Once the next of kin were notified of this autopsy, they gave permission to have Einstein’s brain removed and scientifically studied.

Albert Einstein’s final wishes were carried out; he was cremated the same day he passed away. His ashes were scattered at an unknown location after a simple farewell ceremony.

Lady Gaga İngilizce Biyografisi

     
Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta was born on March 28, 1986 in Yonkers, New York, to Cynthia and Joseph Germanotta. Germanotta, now known as Lady Gaga (she has attributed the inspiration for her name to the Queen song "Radio Ga-Ga"), went on to become an international pop star.

Gaga learned to play the piano by the age of 4. At the age of 11, she was accepted to the Juilliard School in Manhattan, but instead attended a private Catholic school in the city. She continued studying music and performing, writing her first piano ballad at the age of 13, and she held her first performance in a New York nightclub at the age of 14.

A few years later, Gaga was granted early admission to New York University's Tisch School of the Arts-she was one of only 20 students in the world to receive the honor of early acceptance. While there, she studied music and worked on her songwriting skills. She later withdrew from school to find creative inspiration. To make ends meet, she took three jobs, including a stint as a gogo dancer, while she honed her performance-art act.

PROFESSIONAL DEBUT


In 2005, Lady Gaga was briefly signed by Def Jam Records, but was dropped just months later. Being dropped by the label propelled the singer to perform on her own in clubs and venues on New York City's Lower East Side. There, she collaborated with several rock bands, and began her experimentation with fashion.

In 2007, at the age of 20, Gaga began work at Interscope Records as a songwriter for other artists on the label, including Britney Spears, New Kids on the Block, and The Pussycat Dolls. R&B singer Akon discovered Gaga while she was performing a burlesque show that she created, called "Lady Gaga and the Starlight Revue." Impressed, Akon signed the performer to his label under the Interscope umbrella, Kon Live. Through 2007 and 2008, Gaga wrote and recorded her debut album, The Fame. The record was received positive reviews and popular success in the United States. With the help of her own creative team, "Haus of Gaga," the performer also began to make a name for herself internationally.

Lady Gaga's debut single, "Just Dance," was released to radio in early 2008, and received both popular and commercial acclaim. The song was then nominated for a Grammy Award (for best dance recording) in 2008. The song lost to Daft Punk's "Harder, Better, Faster, Stronger," but this didn't keep Gaga from reaching No. 1 on the mainstream pop charts in January 2009. The second single off of The Fame, "Poker Face," earned Gaga even more success.

The song topped singles charts in almost every category, and in almost every country. Both songs were produced by Akon's affiliate RedOne, who co-wrote most of Lady Gaga's album.

Later in 2008, Lady Gaga opened for the newly reformed New Kids on the Block. She also collaborated with the group on the song "Big Girl Now" from New Kids on the Block's album The Block. The following year, Gaga released an album of eight songs, The Fame Monster, followed by 2011's Born This Way.

Ayasofya'da yatan Venedik Dükası kimdir?

     
Enrico Dandolo

Enrico Dandolo, Körlüğü, dindarlığı, uzun yaşamı ve açgözlü zekâsı ile hatırlanır. Ayrıca 90 yaşında Dördüncü Haçlı Seferi'nin Bizans İmparatorluğu'na yöneltilip Konstantinopolis'in Bizanslılardan alınarak Latinler tarafından yağmalanması ile sonuçlanan olaylar dizisi konusunda kötü bir ünü vardır.
Mayıs 1205'de Konstantinopolis'de öldükten sonra Ayasofya'nın üst galerisine gömülmüştür. Osmanlıların İstanbul'u fethinden sonra mezar yıkılmış, ancak mezar taşı sonradan keşfedilmiştir

 Ayasofya'da yatan Venedik Dükası Enrico Dandolo'dur.